Inflammatory features of obesity and smoke exposure and the immunologic effects of exercise

authored by

Helena Angelica Pereira Batatinha, Jose Cesar Rosa Neto, K. Krüger

Abstract

Many lifestyle-related diseases, such as obesity and cigarette smoke-induced pulmonary diseases, are associated with chronic systemic inflammation, which has been shown to contribute to the disease initiation and progression, and also for co-morbidities of these diseases. While the source of inflammation in obese subjects is suggested to be mainly the visceral adipose tissue, smoke-induced inflammation originates in the pulmonary system. Here, chronic cigarette smoking induces oxidative stress, resulting in severe cellular damage. During obesity, metabolic stress pathways in adipocytes induce inflammatory cascades which are also accompanied by fibrotic processes and insulin resistance. In both diseases, local inflammatory signals induce progressive immune cell infiltration, release of cytokines and a subsequent spill-over of inflammation to the systemic circulation. Exercise training represents an effective therapeutic and immune regulating strategy for both obese patients, as well as for patients with smoke induced pulmonary inflammation. While the immuneregulating impact of exercise might primarily depend on the disease state, patients with pulmonary inflammation seem to be less responsive to exercise therapy. The current review tries to identify similarities and differences between inflammatory processes, and the consequences for the immunoregulatory effects of exercise as a therapeutic agent.

Organisation(s)

Institute of Sports Science

External Organisation(s)

Universidade de Sao Paulo

Type

Review article

Journal

Exercise immunology review

Volume

25

Pages

96-111

No. of pages

16

ISSN

1077-5552

Publication date

2019

Publication status

Published

Peer reviewed

Yes

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Immunology

Sustainable Development Goals

SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being