A multitask transfer learning framework for the prediction of virus-human protein–protein interactions

authored by

Ngan Thi Dong, Graham Brogden, Gisa Gerold, Megha Khosla

Abstract

Background: Viral infections are causing significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. Understanding the interaction patterns between a particular virus and human proteins plays a crucial role in unveiling the underlying mechanism of viral infection and pathogenesis. This could further help in prevention and treatment of virus-related diseases. However, the task of predicting protein–protein interactions between a new virus and human cells is extremely challenging due to scarce data on virus-human interactions and fast mutation rates of most viruses. Results: We developed a multitask transfer learning approach that exploits the information of around 24 million protein sequences and the interaction patterns from the human interactome to counter the problem of small training datasets. Instead of using hand-crafted protein features, we utilize statistically rich protein representations learned by a deep language modeling approach from a massive source of protein sequences. Additionally, we employ an additional objective which aims to maximize the probability of observing human protein–protein interactions. This additional task objective acts as a regularizer and also allows to incorporate domain knowledge to inform the virus-human protein–protein interaction prediction model. Conclusions: Our approach achieved competitive results on 13 benchmark datasets and the case study for the SARS-CoV-2 virus receptor. Experimental results show that our proposed model works effectively for both virus-human and bacteria-human protein–protein interaction prediction tasks. We share our code for reproducibility and future research at git.l3s.uni-hannover.de/dong/multitask-transfer.

Organisation(s)

L3S Research Centre

External Organisation(s)

University of Veterinary Medicine of Hannover, Foundation
TWINCORE Zentrum für Experimentelle und Klinische Infektionsforschung GmbH
Umea University

Type

Article

Journal

BMC BIOINFORMATICS

Volume

No. of pages

ISSN

1471-2105

Publication date

27.11.2021

Publication status

Published

Peer reviewed

Yes

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Structural Biology, Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Computer Science Applications, Applied Mathematics

Sustainable Development Goals

SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being

Electronic version(s)

https://doi.org/10.1186/s12859-021-04484-y (Access: Open)
https://doi.org/10.15488/12212 (Access: Open)