Forest Cover Change, Households’ Livelihoods, Trade-Offs, and Constraints Associated with Plantation Forests in Poor Upland-Rural Landscapes

Evidence from North Central Vietnam

authored by

Quy Van Khuc, Tuyet Anh T. Le, Trung H. Nguyen, Duy Nong, Bao Quang Tran, Patrick Meyfroidt, Trung Tran, Pham Bao Duong, Thanh T. Nguyen, Tan Tran, Linh Pham, Shawn Leu, Ngo Thi Phuong Thao, Nguyen Huu-Dung, Trung Kien Dao, Nguyen Van Hong, Bui Thi Minh Nguyet, Hoai Son Nguyen, Mark W. Paschke

Abstract

Vietnam's forests have experienced a notable transformation over the past 20 years from net deforestation to reforestation and expanding forests. Continued reforestation that aims to achieve further economic and environmental benefits remains a national priority and strategy. We explore the current status of plantation forests and highlight possible means to facilitate their expansion in the uplands of Vietnam. We employ mixed method triangulation to empirically explore plantation forests and their economic role in household livelihood, to quantify trade-offs between plantation forests and shifting cultivation, and to assess the constraints on plantation forest expansion in Nghe An province, north-central Vietnam. Results show that forest in the study area expanded by 406,000 ha (71.1%) between 1990 and 2016. Plantation forests increased by nearly 500% (from 32,000 ha to 190,000 ha), while natural forests expanded by 48.1% (from 538,000 ha to 797,000 ha). Plantation forests contributed an average of 35.1 percent of total household income in wealthier households and 27.9 percent of income in poor households. Switching from shifting cultivation to plantation forests would increase total household income and average carbon stock but decrease food provision. Total Economic Value would be higher for plantation forest scenarios if increased carbon stocks in plantations can be monetized. This carbon income might drive conversion of shifting cultivation to plantation forests. Constraints on further expansion of plantation forest are low external cooperation, education, market stability, and agroforestry extension services. Our empirical results inform national plantation forest development, sustainable upland livelihood development, and climate change mitigation programs to ultimately facilitate forest transition and improve the resilience and sustainability of socio-ecological systems.

Organisation(s)

Institute of Environmental Economics and World Trade

External Organisation(s)

Memorial University of Newfoundland
Colorado State University
Vietnam National University of Forestry
Université catholique de Louvain (UCL)
University of Ulsan
Montana State University
University of Central Oklahoma (UCO)
University of New England NSW
National Economics University (NEU)
Phenikaa University
Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO)
Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique
Vietnam National University of Agriculture (VNUA)
Vietnamese Academy of Science and Technology

Type

Article

Journal

FORESTS

Volume

11

ISSN

1999-4907

Publication date

13.05.2020

Publication status

Published

Peer reviewed

Yes

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Forestry

Sustainable Development Goals

SDG 13 - Climate Action

Electronic version(s)

https://doi.org/10.3390/F11050548 (Access: Open)