Comparative assessment of environmental impacts of 1st generation (corn feedstock) and 3rd generation (carbon dioxide feedstock) PHA production pathways using life cycle assessment

authored by: Marten Koch, Sebastian Spierling, Venkateshwaran Venkatachalam, Hans-Josef Endres, Mikołaj Owsianiak, Eldbjørg Blikra Vea, Christina Daffert, Markus Neureiter, Ines Fritz
Abstract: Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) are bio-based and biodegradable alternatives to conventional plastic types and have the potential to reduce the environmental impacts along the life cycle. In comparison to already established production routes for PHA (heterotrophic production) based on renewable feedstock like glucose (first generation feedstock), novel production routes, such as the photoautotrophic production of PHA based on CO₂ as feedstock (third generation feedstock) could offer new perspectives with regard to the reduction in the environmental impacts. To quantify the environmental impacts of PHA produced via photoautotrophic and heterotrophic production pathways, life cycle assessment (LCA) methodology based on ISO 14040/44 was applied, thus conducting a first of its kind comparative study for PHA based on third generation feedstock. The results show that the photoautotrophic production of PHA has advantages in comparison to heterotrophic PHA based on glucose originating from corn as feedstock in all the assessed environmental impact categories, thus showing the environmental potential of novel production routes for bioplastics. Additionally, the results of the LCA show that the chloroform-based extraction method, commonly used in the downstream processes of both the technologies, has a significant contribution of environmental impacts in the production of PHA. Therefore, the reduction of chloroform loss during the extraction process can reduce its environmental impact. Our results indicate that PHA production from CO₂ using the photoautotrophic production route is a promising technology with regard to the environmental impacts when compared to the heterotrophic production based on glucose feedstock.
Organisation(s): Institute of Plastics and Circular Economy
External Organisation(s): Technical University of Denmark
University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences (BOKU)
Type: Article
Journal: Science of the Total Environment
Volume: 863
ISSN: 0048-9697
Publication date: 10.03.2023
Publication status: Published
Peer reviewed: Yes
ASJC Scopus subject areas: Environmental Engineering, Environmental Chemistry, Waste Management and Disposal, Pollution
Sustainable Development Goals: SDG 7 - Affordable and Clean Energy, SDG 12 - Responsible Consumption and Production
Electronic version(s): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160991 (Access: Closed)