Wave attenuation over coastal salt marshes under storm surge conditions

authored by: Iris Möller, Matthias Kudella, Franziska Rupprecht, Tom Spencer, Maike Paul, Bregje K. Van Wesenbeeck, Guido Wolters, Kai Jensen, Tjeerd J. Bouma, Martin Miranda-Lange, Stefan Schimmels
Abstract: Coastal communities around the world face an increasing risk from flooding as a result of rising sea level, increasing storminess and land subsidence¹². Salt marshes can act as natural buffer zones, providing protection from waves during storms³⁷. However, the effectiveness of marshes in protecting the coastline during extreme events when water levels are at a maximum and waves are highest is poorly understood^8,9. Here we experimentally assess wave dissipation under storm surge conditions in a 300-metre-long wave flume tank that contains a transplanted section of natural salt marsh. We find that the presence of marsh vegetation causes considerable wave attenuation, even when water levels and waves are highest. From a comparison with experiments without vegetation, we estimate that up to 60% of observed wave reduction is attributed to vegetation. We also find that although waves progressively flatten and break vegetation stems and thereby reduce dissipation, the marsh substrate remained stable and resistant to surface erosion under all conditions. The effectiveness of storm wave dissipation and the resilience of tidal marshes even at extreme conditions suggest that salt marsh ecosystems can be a valuable component of coastal protection schemes.
Organisation(s): Coastal Research Centre
External Organisation(s): University of Cambridge
Universität Hamburg
Deltares
Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research - NIOZ
Type: Article
Journal: Nature geoscience
Volume: 7
Pages: 727-731
No. of pages: 5
ISSN: 1752-0894
Publication date: 01.10.2014
Publication status: Published
Peer reviewed: Yes
ASJC Scopus subject areas: Earth and Planetary Sciences(all)
Sustainable Development Goals: SDG 15 - Life on Land
Electronic version(s): https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/246096 (Access: Open)
https://doi.org/10.1038/NGEO2251 (Access: Unknown)