Functionalized Pt(II) and Ir(III) NIR Emitters and Their Covalent Conjugates with Polymer-Based Nanocarriers

verfasst von

Ilya S. Kritchenkov, Daniil D. Zhukovsky, Abdelrahman Mohamed, Viktor A. Korzhikov-Vlakh, Tatiana B. Tennikova, Antonina Lavrentieva, Thomas Scheper, Vladimir V. Pavlovskiy, Vitaly V. Porsev, Robert A. Evarestov, Sergey P. Tunik

Abstract

Two NIR-emitting platinum [Pt(N^N^C)(phosphine)] and iridium [Ir(N^C)2(N^N)]+ complexes containing reactive succinimide groups were synthesized and characterized with spectroscopic methods (N^N^C, 1-phenyl-3-(pyridin-2-yl)benzo[4,5]imidazo[1,2-a]pyrazine, N^C, 6-(2-benzothienyl)phenanthridine, phosphine-3-(diphenylphosphaneyl)propanoic acid N-hydroxysuccinimide ether, and N^N, 4-oxo-4-((1-(pyridin-2-yl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)methoxy)butanoic acid N-hydroxysuccinimide ether). Their photophysics were carefully studied and analyzed using time-dependent density functional theory calculations. These complexes were used to prepare luminescent micro- and nanoparticles with the "core-shell" morphology, where the core consisted of biodegradable polymers of different hydrophobicity, namely, poly(d,l-lactic acid), poly(ε-caprolactone), and poly(ω-pentadecalactone), whereas the shell was formed by covalent conjugation with poly(l-lysine) covalently labeled with the platinum and iridium emitters. The surface of the species was further modified with heparin to reverse their charge from positive to negative values. The microparticles' size determined with dynamic laser scanning varies considerably from 720 to 1480 nm, but the nanoparticles' diameter falls in a rather narrow range, 210-230 nm. The species with a poly(l-lysine) shell display a high positive (>30 mV) zeta-potential that makes them essentially stable in aqueous media. Inversion of the surface charge to a negative value with the heparin cover did not deteriorate the species' stability. The iridium- and platinum-containing particles displayed emissions the spectral patterns of which were essentially similar to those of unconjugated complexes, which indicate retention of the chromophore nature upon binding to the polymer and further immobilization onto polyester micro- and nanoparticles for drug delivery. The obtained particles were tested to determine their ability to penetrate into different cells types: cancer cells, stem cells, and fibroblasts. It was found that all types of particles could effectively penetrate into all cells types under investigation. Nanoparticles were shown to penetrate into the cells more effectively than microparticles. However, positively charged nanoparticles covered with poly(l-lysine) seem to interact with negatively charged proteins in the medium and enter the inner part of the cells less effectively than nanoparticles covered with poly(l-lysine)/heparin. In the case of microparticles, the species with positive zeta-potentials were more readily up-taken by the cells than those with negative values.

Organisationseinheit(en)

Institut für Technische Chemie

Externe Organisation(en)

Staatliche Universität Sankt Petersburg
University of Beni Suef

Typ

Artikel

Journal

Bioconjugate chemistry

Band

31

Seiten

1327-1343

Anzahl der Seiten

17

ISSN

1043-1802

Publikationsdatum

20.05.2020

Publikationsstatus

Veröffentlicht

Peer-reviewed

Ja

ASJC Scopus Sachgebiete

Biotechnologie, Bioengineering, Biomedizintechnik, Pharmakologie, Pharmazeutische Wissenschaften, Organische Chemie

Ziele für nachhaltige Entwicklung

SDG 3 – Gute Gesundheit und Wohlergehen

Elektronische Version(en)

https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.0c00020 (Zugang: Geschlossen)